• The Vietnamese text above should look something like the image below. If the Vietnamese text that you see above is garbled, you may need to test your browser to see if it supports the Vietnamese text on the following pages of the essay. It is simple. Windows browser test here.

 

Macintosh OS, Unix, Linux and Opera browser unicode information here.

A link to an online Vietnamese - English dictionary is located on the bottom of each page. Enter a Vietnamese word and find its English translation.

The content of the original essay has not been modified in any way.